What is Ubuntu (operating system)?

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1.Ubuntu is an operating system based on the Linux kernel and the Linux distribution Debian.

2.It is distributed as free and open source software.

3. It is named after the Southern African philosophy of ubuntu.

4. According to 2012 online surveys, Ubuntu is the most popular Linux distribution on desktop and laptop personal computers.

5. Development of Ubuntu is led by Canonical Ltd.,a company based in the Isle of Man and owned by South African entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth. 

6.Ubuntu's first release was on 20 October 2004. Since then, Canonical has released new versions of Ubuntu every six months with commitment to support each release for nine months (eighteen months prior to 13.04) by providing security fixes, patches to critical bugs and minor updates to programs.

7. Installation of Ubuntu is generally performed with the Live CD or a Live USB drive.

The variants recognized by Canonical as contributing significantly towards the Ubuntu project are the following:

                                     

• Edubuntu, a GNOME-based subproject and add-on for Ubuntu, designed for school environments and home users.
• Kubuntu, a desktop distribution using the KDE Plasma Workspaces desktop environment.
• Lubuntu, a lightweight distribution using the LXDE desktop environment.
• Mythbuntu, designed for creating a home theater PC with MythTV and uses the Xfce desktop environment.
• Ubuntu GNOME, a desktop distribution using the GNOME desktop environment.
• Ubuntu Studio, a distribution made for professional video and audio editing, comes with higher-end free editing software.
• Xubuntu, a distribution based on the Xfce desktop environment, designed to run more efficiently on low-specification computers.

Edubuntu, Kubuntu, Lubuntu, Mythbuntu, Ubuntu Studio, and Xubuntu are not commercially supported by Canonical.

Other variants are created and maintained by individuals and organizations outside of Canonical, and they are self-governed projects that work more or less closely with the Ubuntu community.

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